Management by Objectives - 1214 Words

MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO) is a practical application of the reasoning behind the notion of goal-setting theory. MBO is a process in which employees participate with management in the setting of goals or objectives. An essential feature of an MBO program is that it involves a one-on-one negotiation session between a supervisor and subordinate in order to set concrete, objective goals for the employee’s performance. During the session a deadline is set for the measurement of accomplishment, and the paths to the desired goals. and the removal of possible obstacles are discussed. After an established period of time has elapsed (typically six months or year), the supervisor and subordinate meet again to review the subordinate’s performance†¦show more content†¦Some managers prefer to retain an evaluative and superior posture and are uncomfortable with the notion of being a coach or counselor to their subordinates. Personality conflicts between superiors and sub ordinates are another potential problem for goal-setting systems, as is competitiveness. A superior who feels threatened by talented subordinates may do little to help them be more successful and, consequently, more visible, In addition, subordinates may hesitate to set challenging goals for fear of failure and its consequences. MBO systems also tend to emphasize the quantifiable aspects of performance while ignoring the more qualitative aspects. This is an understandable tendency, since participants in MBO systems are encouraged to focus on such dimensions of performance. Qualitative aspects of performance, which are often more difficult to identify and measure, are likely to be overlooked or de-emphasized. For example, how can the quality of service that an organization provides or an organization’s image in the local community be defined and measured? A1 2 Because the success of an MBO system rests heavily on the quality of the relationship between supervisor and subordinates, the degree of trust and supportiveness that exists in a work unit is a central concern. For an MBO system to be highly successful, these elements are critical prerequisites, The absence ofShow MoreRelatedManagement by Objectives1215 Words   |  5 PagesManagement by Objectives Motivating employees seems to be a challenge for managers - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the MBO program and provide at least one example to support your discussion. Goal-Setting Theories have evolved since the 50s and have an impressive documented literature. The Goal-Setting Theory addresses the issues that goal specificity, challenge, and feedback have on performance (Robbins, 2009, p185). Setting goals and motivating employees are always an importantRead MoreManagement By Objectives (MBO) Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesI have selected the Management by Objectives (MBO) theory of management because this relates the most to my business ideas and current working environment. The MBO approach uses many familiar processes that I am accustomed to using such as goal setting, employee participation, and feedback. Using all of these tools has helped to increase overall job performance and help to provide a more informed employee and management team. The performance of the management has to be the same goals as the businessRead MoreManagement Analysis : Management Process906 Words   |  4 Pages Management by Objectives, MBO, is a management process where managers and employees decide together what goals the employee should work to achieve. The goals set for the employee are agreed upon by both the employee and the manager. The employee is evaluated based on these goals and may be given a raise or a promotion if they have achieved the set goals within some set period of time. This management process was first introduced by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book â€Å"The Practice of Management† withRead MoreStrategic Management : Objectives And Objectives1343 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategic management defined in the text, and what are its four key attributes? Based on the text, â€Å"strategic management† is defined as the â€Å"analyses, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain competitive advantages.† Strategic management possesses four key attributes which are: †¢ Recognizes trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness †¢ Directs the organization toward overall goals and objectives †¢ Needs to incorporate short-term and long-term objectives †¢ IncludesRead MorePerformance Management Process And Employee Development2036 Words   |  9 Pagesperformance models of management by objectives. This paper also addressed: 1) performance management philosophy, 2) performance management process and employee development, and 3) performance management and compensation. Keyword: performance, development, compensation Research and summarize relevant performance models An effective model of performance management system focuses on identifying, measuring and dealing with employee’s performance. Traditionally, performance management system is viewedRead MoreObjectives And Objectives Of A Project Management1302 Words   |  6 Pagesa significance of the vast knowledge that I picked up from this course, and my experience with my assignments and projects. Project Management is the art of arranging, sorting out, spurring, and controlling resources to attain specific objectives. A project is a brief endeavor intended to deliver a unique product, service, attempted to meet extraordinary objectives and goals, commonly to achieve helpful change or included quality. To summarize,there should be a framework or model which we can useRead MoreManagement Performance Evaluation Of Employees963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe procedure in which they use performance appraisal. Management by objectives is defining the objectives of an organization, so that employees understand and agree to the objectives so that they will be able to carry them out. By clearly setting the goals for the organization, it allows employees to see how their daily activities can help the organization achieve the goals that they have set out to accomplish. Using management by objective allows for an organization to better measure employee performanceRead MoreStrategic Management : Objectives And Objectives Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages1. Strategic management to my understanding simply means how any organization manages its resources in order to accomplish its goal and objectives. It engages the setting up of objectives, analyzing the competitive environment and evaluating strategies and making in no doubt it all revolve out transversely in the organization. The below flow chart specifies the process of planning, implementation and review components for strategic management. According to me, some of the reason as to whyRead MorePerformance Management At The Retail Store1519 Words   |  7 Pages Performance Management In the retail store that in which I work as an HR manager clothes are sold along with shoes, handbags, linens, etc. Recently my company had its worst quarter and being the HR manager I have asked by the upper management to improve the performances of the retail store employees on an immediate basis so that the sales and merchandise of the store can be improved and good customers can be retained along with attracting new customers. When I got into the process of assessing theRead MoreEssay on The Life of Peter Ferdinand Drucker2289 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Background of Peter Drucker Peter Ferdinand Drucker is the real name for Peter Drucker and he was an Austrian-born American. He was known as a management consultant, educator and author that had contributed to the philosophy and practical foundations of the modern business organization. He was born on 19 November 1909 at Vienna, Austria. At that time, his mother was a medicine student while his father was a lawyer and high-civil servant. His mother is Caroline Bondi and his father

Nutrition and Food Intake Essay - 1295 Words

Nutrition and Food Intake Since we have been learning about nutrition in class, our task was to record a food log. Nutrition requires a well-balanced diet containing nutrient and vitamins like amino acids and fatty acids. Over the past seven days I have been recording and have been looking very carefully at my intake of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and fats. In our task, the objective was to record the basic foods we ate during the period of seven, but it did not require recording every single detail or our intake of food. Doing this food log was a pain and it was disturbing because I never wrote about what I ate like breakfast, lunch, dinner, or additional meals. I found this food log useful because it helped me learn what I†¦show more content†¦The intake of nuts and legumes are good because they have fatty acids and proteins and proteins are a type of nutrient. Proteins help the body to grow and to repair tissues. They new food pyramid says that you should take in 0-2 servings of fish, poultry , and eggs because all of these contain all the essential amino acids. Since amino acid is the monomer of proteins, this relates to protein. The body uses about 20kmds of amino acids to construct the protein it needs. Amino acids are essential for growth. Fish, poultry and eggs also contain Vitamin B so they are also essential for growth and the functioning of the eyes. The new food pyramid says that you should eat about 1-2 servings of daily products or calcium supplements. Since dairy products contain calcium and a little bit of phosphorus they are essential for the deposition in bones, the formation of ATP and nucleic acids and for the functioning of the heart muscles and nerves. You should limit your intake of red meat, butter, white rice, white bread, potatoes, pasta, and sweets to a ver low amount because if you take too much you can get diseases and disorders. But it is good to take some of these food because they also contain a little bit of Vitamin B which are essential for g rowth and the functioning of the nervous system. These food also can serve as fats which serve as a cushion for the food or a reserve energy supply. Due to the old food pyramidShow MoreRelatedNutrition Report On Food Intake Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesFood Intake According to my three-day food diary report, I demonstrated a diet pattern that truly lacks a healthy balance of vital nutrients. First of all, my kilocalorie intake nearly quadrupled that of my dietary reference intake (DRI) range. Secondly, my total lipids reported as considered within my DRI range. However, it was at the highest allowable percentage. Therefore, had it been one percent higher, it would have been above my recommended dietary reference intake. Third of all, my carbohydrateRead MoreHealthy Nutrition Personal Food Intake Evaluation1003 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿HEALTHY NUTRITION PERSONAL FOOD INTAKE EVALUATION Recorded Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipid Intake On the three consecutive recorded days, my respective breakfast intake of Protein was 29 grams, 3 grams, and 21 grams; my respective breakfast intake of Carbohydrates was 80 grams, 11 grams, and 12 grams; and my respective breakfast intake of total Lipids was 53 grams, 36 grams, and 21 grams (Rinzler, 2004). On the three consecutive recorded days, my respective lunch intake of Protein was 17 gramsRead MoreNutritional Knowledge And Athletes : Nutrition1661 Words   |  7 PagesTyler Inch Nutrition Paper Nutritional Knowledge and Athletes How well do you know nutrition? Do you know the recommended daily intakes of the three macronutrients – carbohydrates, proteins, and fats? All people have varying levels of nutritional knowledge and there are a number of ways that a person can go about enhancing their nutritional knowledge including Internet research and speaking with a nutritionist or dietitian. However, no matter how much any person knows about nutrition, one wouldRead MoreFood Intake Week 2 Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesFood Intake- 3 Days Name SCI/220 December 3, 2012 Teacher Food Intake- 3 Days The Encyclopedia of Women’s Health (2004) defines nutrition as the sum of processes involved with the consumption of food. The human body depends on nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, and fiber to function. Nutrition, exercise, and an appropriate diet work cohesively to maintain that the body is working productively and at full capacity. This week’s assignment required the recording of dailyRead MoreSports Nutrition And Exercise Physiology1638 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' ABSTRACT Sports nutrition combines the sciences of nutrition and exercise physiology. It is a specialization within the field of nutrition that partners closely with the study of human body and exercise science. With so much emphasis placed on sports nowadays, there has been a dramatic increase in the research and development of the perfect nutrition plan a sportsperson may need. It is a well- documented fact that nutrition is fundamental to the athletic performance of a professional athlete.Read MoreFood Intake 3 Days Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesFood Intake - 3 Days According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Good nutrition – an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity – is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity. (World Health Organization, 2012) † Nothing is more important than followingRead MoreFood Assistance Programs For Food Aid Programs1450 Words   |  6 Pagessocietal level food interventions are important to implement to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. Food assistance programs can be a solution to address this problem. The importance of elders of having the appropriate foods for health and the struggles they have in acquiring these foods suggests that elderly food assistance programs might develop better ways of helping them obtained such foods (Wolfe et al., 2003). Food assistance program that exist currently is the Food Stamp Program. Read MoreRecording Food Intake For Three Days Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesobtain and maintain optimal health. The recording food intake for three days provides many areas of nutrition that I am more aware of that before; this includes protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and fiber intake needs. Meeting the nutritional needs of the human body helps to ensure a healthy lifestyl e that is free of disease and illness. Intake of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipids The 3-days-diet from the iProfile data shows the majority of protein intake from meats, such as chicken and tuna. The dataRead MoreThe Basics of Nutrition1764 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: GETTING TO THE BASICS Nutrition Health Nutrition is the study of the processes involved in the acquisition of substances, called nutrients, needed by a living organism to survive and grow (Healia, 2009). The body of the organism cannot produce these nutrients on its own and must thus be ingested from outside sources in sufficient amounts. Essential nutrients must be ingested on a daily basis from the diet so that the body can perform normal functions on a daily basis. They areRead MoreNutrition Education Programs Should Be Encouraged At Every Stage Of The Life Cycle1669 Words   |  7 Pageseating fruits and vegetables, it is perhaps a given that consumption of these foods should be encouraged at every stage of the life cycle. Because many health-related lifestyle habits are established during childhood, the school food environment appears to be a prime area of focus for this effort. However, despite the importance of establishing healthy eating habits in these environments, studies have shown that intake of fruits and vegetables is especially low among children (Guenther, Dodd, Reedy

Information Technology in Healthcare

Questions: 1. Does the business need IT?2. Why Information Technology is significant for business survival?3. What is required to apply in IT in the business?4. How does the business use IT?5. What are the benefits and advantages does IT bring to business?6. What type of risk does Information Technology brings to business?7. How can the business maintain and monitor the Information Technology? Answers: Introduction Having innovation in business is a great way to succeed in these digital age. The path to the innovation in business entails doing something different, and better in order to make a positive difference in value, or productivity by use of the emerging technology of the world. The technology which has proved itself for the last decades is the Information Technology. It has changed both the lives of the individuals and the businesses. Now days the business planning, the systematic planning, the real time monitoring, and an instant customer support cannot be optimized without the use of the IT.( Bates, 2002) the use of IT is both cost effective and an opportunity of doing business. The success of the business will depend on the use of the IT, it has provided many tools for solving the complex business problem that have been very effective. In addition, through digital marketing it can help a business to market on its products and services more effectively. (Devaraj and Kohli, 2003) Throu gh the technology of the cloud computing and the use of the modern communication technology, it enables a business to form a global organization, to manage it and monitor effectively through virtual offices without necessary being there. It enables the management to work from any part of the world. In terms of decision making it increases speed and accuracy, through providing framework of comprehensive market research process that enables the management to make the right decision. .( Bates, 2002) The information Technology has revolutionized on the health sector, today, an example in the health sector is at the uniting care Aging Centre that provides aged care services in the New South Wales and Australia have implemented electronic clinical system which is very effective in solving customer problems. (Mitchell, Lardear and Schonbach, Tremont, 1997)They adopted it as a result of pre-dominate, manual and inconsistent processes and practices. The adoption of the Information Technology in their business has enabled tasks to be handled quickly before the deadline. In this paper, it will highlight the information technology in the health care. Moreover, it will show why it is important to have it in business, what is required to apply IT, the benefits and advantages, the types of risks it brings in the business, and ways to maintain and monitor IT in business. 1. Does the business need IT? Every successful business needs IT. The Information Technology drives the innovation and that innovation brings the success to the business. The core formula for the business success today is drive innovation with the use of IT. (Devaraj and Kohli, 2003) The first concept of a startup in any industry is to be able to figure how to make a smart IT recruiting choices. Without any backbone of the aspect of IT in that business, it surely will not go far. Therefore, for the Aging Centre to make their processes more efficient they adopted the use of IT in the business, which made the staff to complete the project before deadline and under budget. 2. Why Information Technology is significant for business survival? The use of the information technology is essential in business survival in many aspect. One of such areas is on the marketing and the business growth. The success of the business lies on the marketing in which enables the management to be able identify the target audience, discover on their needs, and a marketing campaign in order to persuade them to get them. In addition, it has enabled on the improvement of the customer support. (Devaraj and Kohli, 2003) The customers are able to receive support from many channels like; telephone, emails, or even the social media. The use of IT is essential for the survival of the Aging Centre health care since, it helped in their efficient of their processes that were very cumbersome and inefficient. For them to improve, they had to implement the software otherwise they could not survive because of the competitors. 3. What is required to apply in IT in the business? In the application of the Information Technology, there are various components to look at; the cost, the planning, the design, the training of the staff and the installation of the system. On the cost, it is important that the business looks for the system that is cost friendly to them without affecting their cash flow or resources on expensive one. (vretveit, Scott, Rundall, Shortell, and Brommels, 2007) The planning of the IT does be done systematically putting in mind each process is important in the implementation for optimal performance. Moreover, the system should be designed depending on the specification and the needs of that health facility they are offering. It should suit their requirements, and the nature of their business. (Goldschmidt, 2005). The installation process, should be done well, putting in place back up system for monitoring and protecting the information of the clients, there should be also security measures to protect that information from being breached. In addition, all the staff should be trained on how to use that particular system so that it runs smoothly without compromising the information of the customers. 4. How does the business use IT? The uses IT in business both internally and externally. Internally it is through the staff or the employees using the system to carry their duties. The use of the IT by the staff provide great accountability in regards to the assessment of the quality and the planning of the care. It also to provide the best practices and process models to be effectively achieved by the employees, through the use of the technology as compared to the manual practices which were cumbersome, time consuming and could easily be replicated. Externally, the suppliers and customers can use IT asking for the orders of the products, booking appointment for the patients. (vretveit, Scott, Rundall, Shortell, and Brommels, 2007) This way they can know when to go and the doctor, as comparison when they go and find a long queue. The suppliers, can use the system to get information of a given business and see if there is opportunity, to provide products and the services to that business. 5. What are the benefits and advantages does IT bring to business? a. Benefits On the benefits, the organizations can harness IT resources to reduce the cost. The use of the IT infrastructure, the tasks can be centralized at one location, therefore the process become less cumbersome since one can do all the tasks at a single point. Moreover, economic efficiencies can be achieved by through migration of the high cost functions to online environment. (Goh, Gao, and Agarwal, 2011) In the case of Aging health care, the use of the IT in the business, help reduce the tasks undertaken, more so keeping the patients records, booking them, and administration of the drugs. (Chaudhry, Wang, Maglione, Mojica, Roth, Morton, and Shekelle, 2006) Another benefit, IT brings efficiency and flexibility. The use of streamlined work flow system, having shared and collaborative work environment can help achieve this efficiency and flexibility. It can help the staff to process a great level of the work over a shorter deadline. In terms of the revenues it increases profitability. It is possible since, there is no wastage of the resources, therefore there is optimal allocation in the work place enabling the tasks to be undertaken within the shortest time and on a large scale. b. Advantages On the advantages, the information Technology brings productivity to the business. The use of the systems have enabled the employees to collaborate effectively, even across every distances. Moreover, it has enabled automation of the many mundane on the business tasks, hence freeing the employees to concentrate on the tasks that are important. (Heathfield, Pitty, and Hanka, 1998) Nevertheless, it offers better communication in the business. Connection of the devices enables staff to be connected whenever they go, thus reduction on the time taken to undertake a meeting when called. Moreover, technology offers communication opportunities, allowing the business to host meeting online, through video conferencing to share information. 6. What type of risk does Information Technology brings to business? The implementation of the Information Technology in business, if not proper handled can bring forth risks that may be risky to the business. Some of these risks may be associated with the breach of security. This can happen through a malware or a virus that is introduced to the system by a hacker, and still the data. (Heathfield, Pitty, and Hanka, 1998)This may result to consequences on the business, especially if the patients information is stolen and they sues the organization for breach of confidentiality agreement, by exposing their data. Moreover, there may be corporate espionage especially when the staff steal or release the information of the patients. It becomes an issue since the privacy of the patient is no the wrong hands. Another risks associated with IT are hardware or the software failure, resulting to the loss or the corrupt of the patient data. (Goh, Gao, and Agarwal, 2011) Nonetheless, there could be risks of the human errors. This happen when the staff incorrectly i nput the data on the system, or the issuer of the incorrect data processing on the system. 7. How can the business maintain and monitor the Information Technology? Each organization is unique and they have their unique requirement for the Information Technology. The best way to maintain and monitor the technology is to have an accessible plan. The steps to handle this is to have a security IT monitoring hardware, in order to mitigate the security breach and vulnerabilities. In addition, it is important to have a backup monitoring of IT (Heathfield, Pitty, and Hanka, 1998). This is essential since the important assets for any organization, it their data, and the data is protected. In the case of Aging health care Centre they need to implement their plan of action to prevent the vulnerabilities and breach. They can do this by highlighting the following steps; defining on the accessibility of the technology strategies, identifying the requirements, designing, and developing the system and maintaining on the technology through continues learning process. Conclusion In this report, it has looked on the use of the IT in the business, with emphasizes on the benefits and the advantages it brings to the business. It has also looked on the requirement of the implementation of the system to the business. Nonetheless, there was need to look at the risks it brings to the business and how to manage and monitor the system. Aging Centre needs also to have a technology plan to mitigate any vulnerabilities in the business. References Bates, D.W., 2002. The quality case for information technology in healthcare. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2(1), p.7. Chaudhry, B., Wang, J., Wu, S., Maglione, M., Mojica, W., Roth, E., Morton, S.C. and Shekelle, P.G., 2006. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Annals of internal medicine, 144(10), pp.742-752. Devaraj, S. and Kohli, R., 2003. Performance impacts of information technology: Is actual usage the missing link? Management science, 49(3), pp.273-289 Goh, J.., Gao, G. and Agarwal, R., 2011. Evolving work routines: Adaptive routinization of information technology in healthcare. Information Systems Research, 22(3), pp.565-585. Goldschmidt, P.G., 2005. HIT and MIS: implications of health information technology and medical information systems. Communications of the ACM, 48(10), pp.68-74. Heathfield, H., Pitty, D. and Hanka, R., 1998. Evaluating information technology in health care: barriers and challenges. bmj, 316(7149), p.1959. Mitchell, A., Lardear, J.L. and Schonbach, D.I., Tremont Medical, 1997. Personal health care system. U.S. Patent 5,590,648. vretveit, J., Scott, T., Rundall, T.G., Shortell, S.M. and Brommels, M., 2007. Improving quality through effective implementation of information technology in healthcare. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(5), pp.259-266.